Pain Management of Pathophysiology

Visceral pain is stimulated by expanding and muscular contraction. Visceral pain is frequently depicted as generalized aching or squeezing. Sometimes visceral pain may radiate to other areas in the body, causing it hard to pinpoint location. Upper abdominal pain is induced by foregut structures (stomach, duodenum, liver, and pancreas). Periumbilical pain is caused due to Midgut structures (small bowel, proximal colon, and appendix). While lower abdominal pain is caused due to Hindgut structures (distal colon and GU tract).

World Congress of Pain propose that the use of oxycodone, an established, modern synthetic opioid, a morphine like compound, may be more beneficial at handling visceral pain than morphine itself.

The results, consistent with clinical experience, show for the first time significant differences between oxycodone and morphine in the treatment of visceral pain, proposing that the compound may be used for this type of pain.

Today's paineurope newswire provides an overview of the debilitating condition of visceral pain, the study team's principle for carrying out the research and a discussion with regards to the implication of the results in clinical practice.

Extreme Fat Loss Techniques


It does seem that bodybuilders have learned the best secret of developing extreme fat loss. In the bodybuilding books and magazines we often see pictures of hulking men who look as if they’ve been hand sculpted from granite. They look so impressive, it makes you wonder what the secret to staying in such great shape really is?


Well, the most important secret is to actually take action on what many of us already know. We all constantly hear what we should be doing to control weight, but many of us don’t put that knowledge into action properly. Losing body fat is achieved with a balance of the correct exercise, for the individual body type, and with sensible, gradual nutrition. As you probably already know sensible nutrition means selecting foods that are healthy, natural and nutritious. Selecting foods that are generally low in calories and refined sugar, and also low in sodium.

Part of the secret to fat loss, is to introduce this sensible nutrition in a gradual process, rather than switch to it overnight. There must be a control of energy intake, so the body continues to receive adequate nutritional supplies so as not to throw out the metabolism but also, calories are still reduced gently enabling the body to burn fat effectively. Remember fat stores cannot be burned within days, yet many people look for a program that causes extreme, fast weight loss. If you lose weight the correct way chances are you’ll always control weight with ease in the future.


To be clear I would estimate that extreme fat loss is achieved with a 75% diet and 25% exercise split. Don’t get me wrong, exercise is crucial to losing weight however, in stripping the fat percentage right down the diet has such an impact, and thus requires expert dietary principles, often used by today’s natural bodybuilders. Many use a peaking process combining every single training and dietary tactic they’ve learned. Every minor dietary trick is used to help switch the body into fat burning mode. As timing is also important, these principles must also be introduced at the right time. In fact to emphasize how crucial diet is remember that bodybuilders cannot stay in the condition of extreme fat loss for very long, Usually only a few weeks at most. Yes, they can and often do stay in great shape all year round however, humans are not designed to have such a low body fat percentage so, extreme fat loss should really not be the goal of the dieter. The goal should be to use similar techniques until you obtain a reasonable and healthy fat loss then simply maintain this level.

Abdominal pain - symtoms treatment

Abdominal pain is common and often handled as unimportant. Acute and harsh abdominal ache, though, is almost invariably an indication of intra-abdominal illness. It may be the only indication of the requirement for surgery. Gangrene and puncture of the bowel can happen less than 6 hours from start of symptoms in several situations (stoppage of the intestinal blood supply from a choking obstacle or an arterial embolus). Abdominal pain is of particular concerning in very young or very old patients and who have HIV infection or taking immuno-suppressants.
Abdominal pain is common and frequently unimportant. Acute and harsh abdominal ache, though, is almost always an indication of intra-abdominal illness. It may be the only indicator of the necessity for surgery. Gangrene and perforation of the gut can happen less than 6 hours from start of symptoms in several situations (stoppage of the intestinal blood supply from a choking obstacle or an arterial embolus). Abdominal pain is of special worry in very young or very old patients and who have HIV infection or taking immuno-suppressants.
Usual explanations of abdominal pain have some limitations. Infants, young children, and some elderly people may have difficulty in localizing the pain. While some patients, particularly older ones, are unemotional, whereas others exaggerate their symptoms.